Hydraulic valve operating mechanism



Sept. l2, 1950 L. L.. MANLY HYDRAULIC VALVE OPERATING MECHANISM 2 Sheets-Sheet l Filed May 22, 1946 I 5mm Ill mir,

Sept. 12,` 1950 f L. L. MANLYv 2,522,185

HYDRAULIC VALVE oPERA'ING MECHANISM Filed May 22, 194e;V 2 sheets-sheet 2 a ze@ Patented Sept. 12, 1950 om'rsosrAres PATENT OFFICE i HYDRAUILC `VALVE MECH This invention relates generally tovalve operating mechanism and pertains particularly to improvements in mechanism for operating poppet valves and more particularly valves of the type used in internal combustion engines. l

The present invention has for its object to pro` vide a new and novel means of actuating poppet valves whereby back lash is eliminated and proper valve adjustment is automatically accomplished.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved poppet valve operating mechanism by means of which the usual valve noisesare OPERATING ANIsM Lorraine L; Manly, Staunton, Va. Appiicauon Maize, 194s, serial No. 671,474

6 Clatlnst.y (Cl. 12B-90) 2 Figure 1i is a view illustrating the application of the invention to a valve of the overhead type.

Referring now more particularly to the drawings reference will rst be had to Figures 1, 2 and 3 wherein the invention is shown as applied i to the usual poppet valve as employed in the materially reduced and the expansion or spreading of the end of the valve stem, which in known valve operating mechanisms results from the hammering of the push rod, is eliminated. i

Other objects and advantages of the presentI invention are to provide an improved poppet `valve operating mechanism wherebythe raising of the valve to full opening is accelerated; the valve remains at fully opened position for a greater length of time; movement of the valve from fully opened position tofully closed position is' almost instantaneous whereby there is.

obtained a freer movement of gases through the valve ports with consequent improved engine performance; hammering of the valve upon its seat is materially reduced by reason of 'hydraulic cushioning, and the usual cams, cam followers and rollers are eliminated.

The invention will be best understood from a consideration of the following detailed description taken in connection with the accompanyingv drawings forming a part of the specification, with the understanding, however, that the invention is not confined to a strict conformity with the showing of the drawings but may be changed or modiiied so long as such changes or modications mark no material departure from the salient features of the invention as expressed in the appended claims.

Inthe drawings: l Figure 1 shows a portion of a poppet valve cage and an adjacent cylinder in section, the valve and valve operating mechanism constructed in accordance with the present invention being` sure.

L-type of motor. In the several figures a portion only of the engine body or block is shown,l the same being generally designated I IJ and a part of a cylinder being shown and designated I0. The numeral Il generally designates the valve cage of an engine of the character stated.

In accordance with the present invention there is provided an operating shaft which is generally designated I2 and upon which is mounted for each valve, an eccentric I3.

`Circling the eccentric I3 is the eccentric strap i4. with which is integrally connected the eccentric push rod I5. The upper end of this rod is formed to provide the bearing I6 and there is formed longitudinally through the length of the rod l5, the uid passage Il, the lower end of which is closed at all times by the eccentric I3 with the exception of the short period when the high point of the eccentric is passing the endl of the passage at which time the lower end of the passage I1 will have in registry therewith the -short radial bore I8 which is formed in and opens through the peripheral face of the eccentric and which discharges laterally through the port i9 in the manner hereinafter described.

lThe numeral 2li designates the push rod which at its lower end is provided with the right angle extension 2|` which engages in the` bearing I6 of the eccentric rod to form a pivotal connection with the eccentric rod. The push rod 2t is provided with the axial passage 22 which opens through the upper end of the rod and which at the lower end extends into the right angular eX- tension 2 I, communicating with the port 23 which in turn communicates with the upper end of the passage I 'I as shown in Figure 3.

-The pushrod 2U is snugly and slidablyposi-z tioned or mounted in the cylinder Z4 which is formed as an integral part of the engine block as shown, The upper portion of the cylinder 24 has leading thereinto the uid inlet nipple 25 with which is connected an end of a pipe 26 through which oil is supplied, in the manner hereinafter described, to the mechanism, under lower pres- As shown, the inlet from the nipple 25 is so positioned that when the push rod 20 is in its lowermost position it will uncover the oil inlet port and when it isin its uppermost position 'as shown in `Figure 2 it completely closes or seals` n i off this inlet.

The upper end of the push rod cylinder 24 has secured therein and is partly closed by the upwardly opening cup 2'! which is of cylindrical form and has a portion of its length lying within the cylinder and a portion extending beyond the upper end of the cylinder as shown. The lower part or bottom of the cup 2'I has formed therein the relatively small aperture 28 while the side wall, within the cylinder 24, has a larger opening or lateral port 29 formed therethrough and outside the cylinder 24 a second port is formed in the cup wall as indicated at 30. seen that the ports 28 and 23 of the cup 2l communicate entirely with the inside of the push rod cylinder while the single port 3D communicates with the interior of the valve cage, wholly outside the cylinder 24.

The numeral 3! designates the valve steinguide through which slidably extends the stem 32 of the valve 33 which when fully closed rests upon the seat 34.

Surrounding the valve stem 32 and bearing at one` end against the lower end of the guide 31|, is the valve actuating spring 35,' the .lower end of whichrests upon the spring stop 35 which issecured to the stem inwardly of the lower or free end'thereof.

As shown 'the portion .of the valve ste-m which extends beyond rthe spring stop 3G extends into and has snug engagement with the inner wall .of the cup 2'I and when the valve is in fully closed position, as shown in Figure 1, the end of the stem extends into the cup suiiiciently to close the port 28 and when 'the valve is fully opened, as vshown in Figure`2, the end of the stem rises to a sufcient extent to uncover the-port 3U.

' 4'In operation when the eccentric I3 revolves the eccentric rod I5 and push rod 20 arewithdrawn to the point where the push rod uncovers the oil in'let 'for the pipe 26 as shown in Figure l. At this time the radial passage I8 of the eccentric passed entirely out of communication with thefbore I'I of the eccentric rod and the peripheral surface of eccentric acts as a closure for thebore II.

','Oil -underlow pressure is introduced by Way of 'the pipe 2B into the upper end of the cylinder 24 above the push rod 20 completely i-llling the passages or 'bores I'I and 22 as well as the upper part of the cylinder 24 and the space in the cupfYZI 'beneath the valve stem 32. As the eccentric continues to revolve the push rod 20 will be forced upwardly shutting off the inlet from the pipe 26. During this part of the cycle, no motion is imparted to the valve stem because surplus oil ilows freely backwardthrough the oil supply pipe 23. When the push rod 2U rises sulciently to completely close the inlet nipple port, the oil in the bores or passages I 'I and 22 and inthe upper part ofthe cylinder 24 and the lower part-of the cup 2'I will be trapped. At this point the `oil pressure will instantaneously rise to a point sufciently high to cause a small quantity of oil to ow through the port 28, lifting the valve stem 32 and the valve and thusseparating the valve from' clears the lower part of the discharge port 30.`

Surplus oil then is ejected through the port 30 and, there being no `further upward impulse, the valve stem dwells in this position.

Thus it will be The eccentric continues to revolve to the position shown in Figure 2 where the radial passage or bore I8 of the eccentric comes into registry with the bore II, full registration between these bores being accomplished at the high point position of the eccentric. When these positions of the parts are reached there is no obstruction to the free return of oil through the system into the engine 'crank case yby means of the bore I8 and the port I9. Under the impulse of the valve spring the valve stem and valve will be driven downward until the lower end of the valve stem has passed beyond the port 29. The valve stem is of such length that at this instant the valve is almost 'closed upon its seat. After the valve stem Y3l. completely masks the port 29 the remainder Yof the oil trapped in the bottom of the cup 27 Visdischarged into the cylinder 24 through the relatively small port28. This port is of suitably .small darneterso that it affords a check Yto the escape-of oil, causing the valve stem to decelerate inits downward movement, thereby easing vthe-valve '33 onto its seat and preventing the hammering that would -occur if the valve were free to seat: under .the .unimpeded force of the spring 35.

fin Figure 4 the valve operating mechanism is shown in slightly modified form for the actuation of a valve of the overhead type. In the construction here shown the vpush. rod cylinder is designated 240. and is extended above the top of thel engine head 3,1 ,and it is ythen continued at right `anglesas indicated at 38 to terminateabove the val-ve stem guide 3m. In the terminal portion 3B is 'fitted the downwardly opening cylindrical cup .21a in which slidably extends the end-of the valve stem 32a.

"The cup 21a. is provided with. the small bottom bore 25a and with the side ports 29a yand 30a whichv correspond respectively with the ports 29 andl. y

The push `rod which works lin the cylinder 24a andthe Voil inlet port which the rod luncovers when it is Yin its lowermost position are respectivelydesignated Da and 2da.

The lower endcf the push rod in this modification is not shown as it -wll be understood that this is the saine as the structure shown in Figures 1 and .2 and it will also be readily understood that the operation in connection with the modiedarrangement .for the vactuation ofthe overhead .type valve is the same asset forth in connection with -thedescription Aof the operation of the device for the .L -type motor structure.

.From lthe foregoing it will be readily apparent that with the operating mechanism herein fdisclosed `smooth operation of the entire valve mechanism will -be had and the life of the parts willbe materially increased.

While'one desgnfof eccentric, eccentric strap, eccentric rod, push pin and wrist pin have rbeen iillustrated and described it .is to 'be Vunderstood that l dolnot wish `to be ilimited 'to this specic construction 4andarrangement of theseparts except xinsofar eas is kdetermined by the appended claims.

'The'cyclicbleeding of the system through-port 3B frees the system 'of gas bubbles once during each reparation of lthe valve, lthereby preventing malfunctionin'g ofthe system because of'the compression-of ventrained or accumulated air or vapor y bubbles.A

rod 20 and the cylinder 24 have 'been 1illustratedi as being the same in Figures l to 3, such common axes bear no significant relationship to each other. This characteristic permits the valve to be mounted at any desired angle without in any way interfering with the operation of the mechanism.

I claim:

1. Operating mechanism for a valve of the vpoppettype including a disk head and valve stem connected at one end to the head, comprising a piston cylinder, a piston extending in one end of the cylinder, means for reciprocating the piston in the cylinder, means connected with the other end of the cylinder forming a receptacle into which the other end of the valve stem is slidably received, a relatively small inlet port forming a communicating passage between the cylinder and said receptacle, an outlet port leading from the receptacle outside the cylinder, the outlet port being uncovered by the valve stem when the valve is in fully opened position, resilient means normally urging the valve to closed position, means for introducing fluid into the cylinder between the piston and said receptacle when the piston is at the limit of its movement outwardly, and means for instantly relieving pressure upon the uid in the cylinder when the piston is at the limit of its movement inwardly.

2. Operating mechanism for a valve of the poppet type having a stem supported for reciprocatory movement, comprising a relatively long uid cylinder arranged coaxially with the stem, means forming a receptacle coaxially in one end of the cylinder into which the adjacent end of the stern is slidably received, said receptacle having a relatively small port in its inner end and a relatively large port through one side and opening from the cylinder into the receptacle, the receptacle further having an outlet port opening from the receptacle to the exterior of the cylinder, said stem functioning to uncover said outlet port when the valve is fully opened, resilient means normally urging movement of the valve stem to valve closed position, said stem functioning to close the side wall port of the receptacle prior to full closing of the valve under the action of said resilient means, a piston reciprocable in said cylinder, means for introducing fluid into the cylinder between the piston and the receptacle when the piston is in fully retracted position in the cylinder, and means for relieving the pressure of the fluid in the cylinder when the piston is in fully advanced position therein.

3. A valve actuating mechanism of the character stated in claim 2, with a crank member pivotally connected with the piston, eccentric means connected with the crank for imparting reciprocatory movement to the piston, said piston having a fluid bore longitudinally therethrough, and the said means for relieving the iiuid pressure in the cylinder being constructed and arranged to open said bore for the outflow of uid therethrough from the cylinder.

4. A valve actuating mechanism of the character stated in claim 2, with a piston operating shaft, an eccentric secured to the shaft, an eccentric strap encircling the eccentric and having a crank arm integral therewith, said piston at its outer end being formed to provide a wrist pin and said crank arm being formed to provide a bearing receiving the Wrist pin, the said means for relieving fluid pressure in the cylinder at the limit of inward movement of the piston comprising a conduit formed through the piston and through the crank arm and opening upon the the inner side of the eccentric strap, and an exhaust passage formed radially in the eccentric and opening at one end through the peripheral surface thereof for intermittent registry with said bore and opening at its other end through the side of the eccentric.

5. A valve operating mechanism comprising in combination with a valve and valve stem, a receptacle into lwhich the end of the stem is slidably received, yieldable means normally urging the valve and stem to valve closed position and the extension of the said end of the stem into the receptacle, a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet for the receptacle, a iiuid conductor leading to said inlet, the fluid outlet being positioned to be uncovered by the valve stem when the valve is in fully opened position, a reciprocable injector working in said conductor for forcing fluid under pressure from the conductor into said fluid inlet, means for introducing fluid into the conductor for compression by the injector, an exhaust passage leading through the injector and having one end in constant communication with said fluid conductor, and means for opening said exhaust passage when the injector is in a position in the conductor in which the uid is under high com pression.

6. A valve operating mechanism in combination with a valve and valve stem, a receptacle having an open end into which the end of the stem is snugly slidably received to function as a piston in the receptacle, yieldable means normally urging the valve and stem to valve closed position and the extension of the said end of the stem into the receptacle, a fluid inlet and a liuid outlet for the receptacle, a uid chamber in communication with said receptacle inlet, the uid outlet being positioned to be uncovered by the valve stem when the valve is in fully opened position, means for forcing fluid under high pressure from said chamber into the receptacle through the receptacle inlet, an exhaust passage for said chamber, and means operating to open the exhaust passage while the fluid is under high pressure in the chamber, to release such pressure.

LORRAINE L. MANLY.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 885,459 Engler et al. Apr. 21, 1908 1,283,179 I-Ienncbohle Oct. 29, 1918 1,473,077 Bull Nov. 6, 1923 1,994,223 Leveque Mar. 12, 1935 

